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Compare Turkey (2003) - Turks and Caicos Islands (2001)

Compare Turkey (2003) z Turks and Caicos Islands (2001)

 Turkey (2003)Turks and Caicos Islands (2001)
 TurkeyTurks and Caicos Islands
Administrative divisions 81 provinces (iller, singular - il); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyon, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir, Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon, Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure 0-14 years: 27.2% (male 9,422,242; female 9,082,840)


15-64 years: 66.4% (male 22,978,251; female 22,243,477)


65 years and over: 6.4% (male 2,013,926; female 2,368,733) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
32.58% (male 2,996; female 2,908)

15-64 years:
63.51% (male 6,050; female 5,459)

65 years and over:
3.91% (male 316; female 393) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, pulse, citrus; livestock corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits; fish
Airports 120 (2002) 8 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 86


over 3,047 m: 16


2,438 to 3,047 m: 30


1,524 to 2,437 m: 19


914 to 1,523 m: 16


under 914 m: 5 (2002)
total:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 34


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 8


under 914 m: 24 (2002)
total:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 780,580 sq km


land: 770,760 sq km


water: 9,820 sq km
total:
430 sq km

land:
430 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Texas 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Present-day Turkey was created in 1923 from the Turkish remnants of the Ottoman Empire. Soon thereafter, the country instituted secular laws to replace traditional religious fiats. In 1945 Turkey joined the UN, and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to protect Turkish Cypriots and prevent a Greek takeover of the island; the northern 37 percent of the island remains under Turkish Cypriot control. Relations between the two countries remain strained, but have begun to improve over the past few years. In 1984, the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-Leninist, separatist group, initiated an insurgency in southeast Turkey, often using terrorist tactics to try to attain its goal of an independent Kurdistan. The group - whose leader, Abdullah OCALAN, was captured in Kenya in February 1999 - has observed a unilateral cease-fire since September 1999, although there have been occasional clashes between Turkish military units and some of the 4,000-5,000 armed PKK militants, most of whom currently are encamped in northern Iraq. The PKK changed its name to the Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress (KADEK) in April 2002. The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islands are presently a British overseas territory.
Birth rate 17.59 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 24.89 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $42.4 billion


expenditures: $69.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001)
revenues:
$47 million

expenditures:
$33.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997-1998 est.)
Capital Ankara Cockburn Town (on Grand Turk)
Climate temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry
Coastline 7,200 km 389 km
Constitution 7 November 1982 introduced 30 August 1976; suspended in 1986; restored and revised 5 March 1988
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Turkey


conventional short form: Turkey


local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti


local short form: Turkiye
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Turks and Caicos Islands
Currency Turkish lira (TRL) US dollar (USD)
Death rate 5.95 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 4.47 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $118.3 billion (Yearend 2001) $NA
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Eric S. EDELMAN


embassy: 110 Ataturk Boulevard, Kavaklidere, 06100 Ankara


mailing address: PSC 93, Box 5000, APO AE 09823


telephone: [90] (312) 455-5555


FAX: [90] (312) 467-0019


consulate(s) general: Istanbul


consulate(s): Adana; note - there is a Consular Agent in Izmir
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Osman Faruk LOGOGLU


chancery: 2525 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 612-6700


FAX: [1] (202) 612-6744


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, and New York
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international complex maritime, air, and territorial disputes with Greece in the Aegean Sea; Cyprus question remains with Greece; Syria and Iraq protest Turkish hydrological projects to control upper Euphrates waters; Turkey is quick to rebuff any perceived Syrian claim to Hatay province; border with Armenia remains closed over Nagorno-Karabakh none
Economic aid - recipient ODA, $300 million (2000) $4.1 million (1997)
Economy - overview Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2001 still accounted for 40% of employment. It has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. The most important industry - and largest exporter - is textiles and clothing, which is almost entirely in private hands. In recent years the economic situation has been marked by erratic economic growth and serious imbalances. Real GNP growth has exceeded 6% in many years, but this strong expansion has been interrupted by sharp declines in output in 1994, 1999, and 2001. Meanwhile, the public sector fiscal deficit has regularly exceeded 10% of GDP - due in large part to the huge burden of interest payments, which account for more than 50% of central government spending. Inflation, in recent years in the high double-digit range, fell to 26% in 2003. Perhaps because of these problems, foreign direct investment in Turkey remains low - less than $1 billion annually. In late 2000 and early 2001 a growing trade deficit and serious weaknesses in the banking sector plunged the economy into crisis - forcing Turkey to float the lira and pushing the country into recession. Results in 2002-03 were much better, because of strong financial support from the IMF and tighter fiscal policy. Continued slow global growth and serious political tensions in the Middle East could result in negative growth in 2004. The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, fishing, and offshore financial services. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US was the leading source of tourists in 1996, accounting for more than half of the 87,000 visitors; tourist arrivals had risen to 93,000 by 1998. Major sources of government revenue include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts.
Electricity - consumption 112.6 billion kWh (2001) 4.6 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 433 million kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 4.579 billion kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 116.6 billion kWh (2001) 5 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 79.3%


hydro: 20.4%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0.3% (2001)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Mount Ararat 5,166 m
lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Blue Hills 49 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern for oil spills from increasing Bosporus ship traffic limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Environmental Modification
-
Ethnic groups Turkish 80%, Kurdish 20% (estimated) black
Exchange rates NA (2002), 1,225,590 (2001), 625,218 (2000), 418,783 (1999), 260,724 (1998), 151,865 (1997) the US dollar is used
Executive branch chief of state: President Ahmet Necdet SEZER (since 16 May 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (14 March 2003); note - Abdullah GUL resigned 11 March 2003; Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN was given a mandate to form a new government


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the nomination of the prime minister


note: a National Security Council serves as an advisory body to the government composed of top military and cabinet officials and presided over by the president


elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a seven-year term; election last held 5 May 2000 (next to be held NA May 2007); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president


election results: Ahmed Necdet SEZER elected president on the third ballot; percent of National Assembly vote - 60%


note: president must have a two-thirds majority of the National Assembly on the first two ballots and a simple majority on the third ballot
chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1953), represented by Governor Mervyn JONES (since 27 January 2000)

head of government:
Chief Minister Derek H. TAYLOR (since 31 January 1995)

cabinet:
Executive Council consists of three ex officio members and five appointed by the governor from among the members of the Legislative Council

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister appointed by the governor
Exports 46,110 bbl/day (2001) $4.7 million (1993)
Exports - commodities apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells
Exports - partners Germany 16.6%, US 9.2%, UK 8.5%, Italy 6.4%, France 6% (2002) US, UK
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus
GDP purchasing power parity - $489.7 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $128 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 12.9%


industry: 30.4%


services: 56.7% (2001)
agriculture:
NA%

industry:
NA%

services:
NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $7,300 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $7,300 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 7.8% (2002 est.) 8.7% (1999 est.)
Geographic coordinates 39 00 N, 35 00 E 21 45 N, 71 35 W
Geography - note strategic location controlling the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's Ark, is in the far eastern portion of the country 30 islands (eight inhabited)
Heliports 8 (2002) -
Highways total: 385,960 km


paved: 131,226 km (including 1,749 km of expressways)


unpaved: 254,734 km (1999)
total:
121 km

paved:
24 km

unpaved:
97 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.3%


highest 10%: 32.3% (1994)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Imports 616,500 bbl/day (2001) $46.6 million (1993)
Imports - commodities machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials
Imports - partners Germany 13.7%, Italy 8.1%, Russia 7.6%, US 6%, France 5.9%, UK 4.8%, Switzerland 4.1% (2002) US, UK
Independence 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate 8.5% (2002 est.) NA%
Industries textiles, food processing, autos, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper tourism, offshore financial services
Infant mortality rate total: 44.2 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 47.91 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 40.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
18.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 45.2% (2002 est.) 4% (1995)
International organization participation AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CERN (observer), EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, EU (applicant), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MONUC, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UPU, WCO, WEU (associate), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 50 (2001) 14 (2000)
Irrigated land 42,000 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Constitutional Court (judges are appointed by the president); Court of Appeals and Council of State (judges are elected by the Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecutors) Supreme Court
Labor force 23.8 million


note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2001 3rd quarter)
4,848 (1990 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 39.7%, services 37.9%, industry 22.4% (3rd quarter, 2001) about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,648 km


border countries: Armenia 268 km, Azerbaijan 9 km, Bulgaria 240 km, Georgia 252 km, Greece 206 km, Iran 499 km, Iraq 352 km, Syria 822 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 34.53%


permanent crops: 3.36%


other: 62.11% (1998 est.)
arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
98% (1993 est.)
Languages Turkish (official), Kurdish, Arabic, Armenian, Greek English (official)
Legal system derived from various European continental legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on laws of England and Wales, with a small number adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas
Legislative branch unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 3 November 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); note - a special rerun of the General Election in the province of Siirt on 9 March 2003 resulted in the election of Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN to a seat in parliament, a prerequisite for becoming prime minister on 13 March 2003


election results: percent of vote by party - AKP 34.3%, CHP 19.4%, DYP 9.6%, MHP 8.3%, ANAP 5.1%, DSP 1.1%, and others; seats by party - AKP 363, CHP 178, independents 9; note - parties surpassing the 10% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats
unicameral Legislative Council (19 seats, of which 13 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 4 March 1999 (next to be held by NA 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PDM 52.2%, PNP 40.9%, independent 6.9%; seats by party - PDM 9, PNP 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: 71.8 years


male: 69.41 years


female: 74.3 years (2003 est.)
total population:
73.52 years

male:
71.37 years

female:
75.77 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 86.5%


male: 94.3%


female: 78.7% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
98%

male:
99%

female:
98% (1970 est.)
Location southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas
Map references Middle East Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR


territorial sea: 6 NM in the Aegean Sea; 12 NM in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea
exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 525 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,306,506 GRT/8,424,837 DWT


ships by type: bulk 125, cargo 229, chemical tanker 44, combination bulk 3, combination ore/oil 3, container 34, liquefied gas 6, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 35, refrigerated cargo 4, roll on/roll off 26, short-sea passenger 10, specialized tanker 5


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belize 1, Cyprus 1, Denmark 2, Greece 1, Italy 1, Thailand 1, UK 11 (2002 est.)
none (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches Land Forces, Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry), Air Force, Coast Guard, Gendarmerie -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $8.1 billion (2002 est.) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.5% (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 19,534,455 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 11,801,267 (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 679,882 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 29 October (1923) Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)
Nationality noun: Turk(s)


adjective: Turkish
noun:
none

adjective:
none
Natural hazards very severe earthquakes, especially in northern Turkey, along an arc extending from the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van frequent hurricanes
Natural resources antimony, coal, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulfur, iron ore, arable land, hydropower spiny lobster, conch
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 13.69 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 3,177 km; oil 3,562 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders Democratic Left Party or DSP [Bulent ECEVIT]; Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayip ERDOGAN]; Motherland Party or ANAP [Ahmet Mesut YILMAZ]; Nationalist Action Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]; Republican People's Party or CHP [Deniz BAYKAL]; True Path Party (sometimes translated as Correct Way Party) or DYP [Tansu CILLER]; Young Party or GP [Cem UZAN] People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Derek H. TAYLOR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Washington MISICK]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Wendal SWANN]
Political pressure groups and leaders Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Sami EVREN]; Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Suleyman CELEBI]; Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Erol YARAR]; Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Salim USLU]; Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Muharrem KAYHAN]; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Refik BAYDUR]; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Bayram MERAL]; Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Dervis GUNDAY; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU] NA
Population 68,109,469 (July 2003 est.) 18,122 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 1.16% (2003 est.) 3.41% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Gemlik, Hopa, Iskenderun, Istanbul, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Icel (Mersin), Samsun, Trabzon Grand Turk, Providenciales
Radio broadcast stations AM 16, FM 107, shortwave 6 (2001) AM 3 (one inactive), FM 6, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 8,000 (1997)
Railways total: 8,607 km


standard gauge: 8,607 km 1.435-m gauge (2,131 km electrified) (2002)
0 km
Religions Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews) Baptist 41.2%, Methodist 18.9%, Anglican 18.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.7%, other 19.9% (1980)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.11 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.8 male(s)/female

total population:
1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially with cellular telephones


domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; the number of subscribers to mobile cellular telephone service is growing rapidly


international: international service is provided by three submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas, linking Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; also by 12 Intelsat earth stations, and by 328 mobile satellite terminals in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2002)
general assessment:
fair cable and radiotelephone services

domestic:
NA

international:
2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 19.5 million (1999) 3,000 (1994)
Telephones - mobile cellular 17.1 million (2001) 0 (1994)
Television broadcast stations 635 (plus 2,934 repeaters) (1995) 0 (broadcasts from The Bahamas are received; cable television is established) (1997)
Terrain high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps
Total fertility rate 2.03 children born/woman (2003 est.) 3.22 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 10.8% (plus underemployment of 6.1%) (2002 est.) 10% (1997 est.)
Waterways 1,200 km (approximately) none
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